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Todoxin Updated: Aug 01, 2003
Todoxin is a plant-based compound manufactured in Switzerland by the Todoxin Society, a non-profit association of physicians, researchers and patients. Preliminary reports suggest that the compound has a very strong anti-viral and immune stimulating effect.
Todoxin is supplied as a liquid and is taken every two hours for 42 days, after which patients undergo a rest period before a new cycle of treatment, once again lasting 42 days. This very demanding regimen is often administered on an in-patient basis on Austria, where much of the research into Todoxin has been carried out.
Trial results
Although Todoxin has been used to treat more than 7,000 people with leukaemia, hepatitis B and HIV infection in Europe, full viral load, CD4 count and clinical data is only available on twenty patients with HIV infection. Viral load tests were carried out by a London research team, but the patients were treated in Austria.
Seventeen out of 20 patients had symptoms at the beginning of the study, and 13 of these patients had an active or very recent AIDS defining infection. The mean CD4 count at the beginning of the study was 227, and the mean viral load was equivalent to about 100,000 on the standard Roche Amplicor assay.
After an average 25 months of follow up, 17 out of 20 patients had undetectable viral load on a viral load test developed by Professor Clive Loveday at the Royal Free Hospital, which is ten times more sensitive than any other assay. The median decrease was 1.8 log (almost 99%), and some patients had viral load reductions of 3.5 log.
Thirteen out of 17 patients who reported symptoms at the beginning of the study were asymptomatic after 15 months, although the researchers have not reported on all the clinical symptoms experienced during the course of treatment. Two patients died during the course of the study, and they were the patients with most severe symptoms on entry.
The median increase in CD4 count was 275 cells after 25 months. Only three patients showed no increase in CD4 cells, and these were the patients with the lowest counts on entry. The research team believes that Todoxin is likely to be of greater benefit to people with less damaged immune systems.
The viral load changes seen with Todoxin treatment follow a very different pattern from those seen with triple combination treatment. Some participants in the study had big increases in viral load during the first few months of treatment, but in all these cases bar one, viral load subsequently went to undetectable levels. A recurrence of chickenpox was frequent during the early weeks of treatment, an effect which researchers could not explain. Joint pains were also reported frequently by people taking Todoxin. No other significant side-effects have been seen.
Unfortunately, not everything about Todoxin is so promising. The dosing regimen for the drug is extremely unattractive. In order to maintain what researchers believe to be adequate blood levels, Todoxin must be taken every two hours for the first 42 days of treatment. Dr Rus of the Todoxin study group says that most patients may need to go through several 42 day cycles of treatment, but may not need to take the drug continuously. In Austria, some of the patients in the study chose to take the treatment as in-patients.
References
Jovanic T et al. The prolonged virological and clinical efficacy of todoxin in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Raum und Zeit 82:83-93, 1996.
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